Su-27

1. Welcome to this introduction lesson to the Su-27 Flanker. This aircraft is viewed as one of the most beautiful and dangerous fighters in the world.
2. The Su-27 is an all-weather day and night air superiority fighter. The aircraft is powered by two AL-31F turbofan afterburning engines, each producing up to 12,500 kg of thrust. The Su-27 can reach speeds of up to Mach 2.35 and has a maximum ceiling of 18,500 m.
3. You can take over control or exit the lesson by pressing "ESC".
4. In this lesson, we'll review the Heads Up Display (HUD), front instrument panel, and procedures for navigation and Instrumented Flight Rules (IFR) landings.
5. Let's begin with the HUD indications.
6. The center of the HUD is used to display the position of the aircraft in space. This information is repeated on the Attitude Direction Indicator (ADI), also known as the artificial horizon, on the front dash.
7. When rolling and pitching the aircraft, the aircraft symbol on the HUD indicates the roll and pitch angles. This allows you to maintain orientation even in zero visibility conditions outside the cockpit.
8. Below the artificial horizon line on the HUD, we see tick marks used to indicate angle of bank. The large tick marks indicate 15, 30, and 60 degrees. When rolling the aircraft, the aircraft symbol will roll to indicate bank angle. The horizontal line across the center of the HUD represents the horizon.
9. The number to the right of the artificial horizon line indicates the pitch angle.
10. In the upper left corner of the HUD is the airspeed indicator that shows the indicated airspeed (IAS) in km/h.
11. To the right of the airspeed indicator is the heading scale. The scale is marked from 0 to 360 degrees. The caret indicates your current heading.
12. In the upper right corner of the HUD is the altitude indicator that shows current altitude in meters.
13. The HUD mode is indicated in the lower left corner.
14. The director circle on the HUD indicates what direction you must fly to stay on the route course line. Director control modes of the Su-27 allow you to perform course corrections when flying between waypoints. Simply follow the director circle and keep it centered in the HUD. Doing so will keep you on the planned route and altitude.
15. Let's now take a look at the instrument panel. There are five primary flight instruments.
16. The first one is the Attitude Direction Indicator (ADI) or artificial horizon. This instrument indicates pitch and bank angles. Because it's identical to the ADI used on the Su-25 and MiG-29, we'll not go over it in detail here.
17. Next is the Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI). This indicator is very similar to the HSI on the Su-25.
18. Two arrows are visible over the compass rose. The yellow arrow points directly to the steerpoint and the white double arrow indicates the assigned course to the steerpoint.
19. The range to steerpoint is displayed in kilometers in the upper left corner. In the upper right corner is the assigned steerpoint course.
20. If you're heading directly to the steerpoint along the assigned course, the two arrows will align and be pointing up. The two white bars in the center of the indicator are used to line up ILS approaches.
21. The next instrument is the Airspeed Indicator. It's marked from 100 to 1,600 km/h. A Mach readout is in the center of the display.
22. Below the Airspeed Indicator is the Barometric Altimeter. This indicates the altitude above sea level and includes two scales: hundreds and thousands of meters.
23. The final of the primary instruments is the combined Vertical Velocity and turn and slip indicator. Again, the Su-25 and MiG-29 use the same instrument, so we will not review it again here.
24. In the upper left corner of the instrument panel is the Angle of Attack (AoA) indicator and Accelerometer, or G meter.
25. Below the AoA and G meter indicator is the radar altimeter. This instrument functions between 0 and 1,500 m. above ground and within 45 degrees of bank.
26. Below the radio altimeter is the Mechanical Devices Indicator. This indicates the position of landing gear, flaps, and airbrake.
27. To the right of the Vertical Velocity Indicator is the Engine RPM indicator. This indicates engine RPM as a percentage, where 100% indicates full military power and anything greater represents afterburner in use. Arrow #1 indicates the left engine and arrow #2 indicates the right engine.
28. Below the engine RPM indicators are the Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) gauges. These indicate the temperature of turbine exhaust gases in degrees Celsius.
29. To the right of the EGT gauges is the fuel meter. This indicates fuel remaining. Finally, to the right of the fuel gauge is the "EKRAN" self-test system.
30. Now that we've gone over the basic HUD indication and flight instruments, let's discuss how to use this information to navigate along a flight route. The Su-27 has 4 navigation sub-modes, which can be cycled by pressing "1".
31. The first sub-mode is indicated as "НАВ" ("NAV") on the HUD. It's used for Visual Flight Rules (VFR) flying when not following a flight plan.
32. The second sub-mode is indicated as "МАРШ" ("Enroute") on the HUD. It's designed to be used when following a flight plan to navigate through waypoints. In this mode, you can see the steerpoint airspeed and altitude indications above your current airspeed and altitude on the HUD. To cycle through waypoints, press "LCtrl - ~".
33. The third navigation sub-mode is indicated as "ВОЗВ" ("Return"). It's designed to navigate to the initial landing approach point of the selected airfield. To cycle through airfields, press "LCtrl - ~".

34. The last navigation sub-mode is indicated as "ПОС" ("Landing"). It's designed to guide you to the runway threshold using the ILS final approach system.
35. Currently, we are headed away from waypoint 2 above the clouds at an altitude of 4,000 m.
36. The navigation system director circle on the HUD is indicating the direction to waypoint 3. Note the assigned airspeed and altitude values on the HUD above our current airspeed and altitude.
37. Looking at the HSI, the assigned course for waypoint 3 is 178 degrees.
38. We'll turn right to approach the assigned course.
39. We'll now follow the director circle to perform the necessary course corrections, at the same time being careful to maintain the assigned altitude.
40. To begin our approach to the airfield, we press "1" to select the "Return" sub-mode and watch the HUD to confirm the selection. We now turn left to head for the airfield approach fix.
41. Now that we're on course, all we have to do is maintain the director circle in the center of the HUD. If we do this correctly, the system will switch to "Landing" mode automatically when we pass the initial approach fix.
42. The navigation system and director circle are directing us to climb to 4520 m.; however, because we are already at 40 km. from the initial approach fix and have begun to descend, we'll ignore this command.

43. The system is now directing us to descend to 1,820 m. Again, we'll ignore this for now.
44. The system is now directing us to descend to 1,020 m. We'll follow along.
45. We're on the assigned course and in a slow descent. The weather conditions demand constant attention to the instruments, in particular the ADI and Altimeter.
46. The system has automatically switched to "Landing" mode, which is indicated on the HUD. We turn to a heading of 220.
47. Having entered the glidepath, constantly monitor your aircraft's position. Lower the gear by pressing "G" and confirm the gear is down and locked by checking the Mechanical Devices Indicator. Flaps are lowered automatically along with the gear. Press "RALT - L" twice to turn on the landing light on the nose gear.
48. The ILS director bars indicate deviation from the ILS approach. Use coordinated control input to maintain the ILS bars and the director circle in the center of the display.
49. Maintain 270 km/h to the inner marker.
50. Visual contact with the ground. Very poor visibility. Reduce speed to 240 km/h for touchdown.
51. Threshold. Flare with smooth back stick pressure.
52. Touchdown. Release the braking chute by pressing "P" and engage the wheel brakes by pressing "W".
53. This concludes the Su-27 introduction and navigation flight. Refer to the Flight Manual for more detailed information on the aircraft's systems.
54. Remember this tip for making course corrections: the yellow arrow should be between your current heading and the white double arrow.
55. Turn off the landing light by pressing "RAlt - L" and the navigation lights by pressing "RCtrl - L". Spool down the engines by setting the throttle to Idle and then pressing "RShift - END".
56. Using the HUD and other flight instruments allows you maintain the assigned flight plan and safely land the aircraft even under difficult conditions. This concludes this lesson. Press the "ESC" key to exit the lesson.

1. Welcome to this Su-27 training lesson on the use of radar for Beyond Visual Range combat.
2. You can take control or exit the lesson at anytime by pressing ESC.
3. Please don't touch the controls or change views during this lesson. If you need to pause the lesson, press the PAUSE key.
4. The Su-27 is an all-weather fighter designed to engage airborne targets.
5. The aircraft can carry up to 4,000 kg. of ordnance on 10 hardpoints, including medium and short-range air-to-air missiles.
6. For this lesson, we are armed with the following:
Four R-27ER medium-range semi-active radar homing (SARH) missiles;
7. Two R-27ET medium-range infrared homing missiles;
8. Two R-73 short-range infrared homing missiles;
9. And 2 SPS-170 ECM pods.
10. The Su-27 is equipped with the N-001 pulse-Doppler radar, which is designed to detect airborne targets and provide guidance to aircrafts radar-guided missiles.
11. We have a group of targets ahead of us at medium range. Lets begin working with the radar.
12. Select Beyond Visual Range (BVR) mode by pressing 2.
13. Press I to activate the radar.
14. Press D to select R-27ER missiles. Check the HUD to confirm your weapon selection.
15. The HUD will also indicate which stations are loaded with the selected weapon. This information is duplicated on the Weapon Readiness Panel below the HUD.
16. In SCAN mode, the radar scans the airspace ahead in a cone 60 degrees in azimuth and 10 degrees in elevation.
17. The scan zone can be shifted 30 degrees to the right by pressing RShift , or 30 degrees to the left by pressing RShift /. The current horizontal position of the scan zone can be seen on the HUD and HDD displays.
18. To shift the scan zone vertically, we need to input the anticipated range and elevation of the target.
19. Press RAlt + and RAlt to enter the anticipated target range. The range value is displayed at the bottom of the HUD.
20. Press RShift ; and RShift . to enter the anticipated altitude difference between yourself and the target. The target elevation value is displayed on the right side of the HUD as the number of kilometers the target is above or below you.
21. The target elevation is displayed together with a zone coverage bar, HUD view reference marks, and the elevation angle scale.
The maximum elevation range of the radar is 55 degrees up and 35 degrees down.
22. To re-center the scan zone, press RCtrl i. Doing so will also reset the target range to 10 km and the target elevation to 0 km.
23. You can set the range scale indication by pressing + and -.
24. Lets discuss the radar modes.
25. The radar has three primary modes that can be cycled by pressing Rshift I.
26. High Pulse Repetition Frequency, or HPRF mode, is used for targets that are flying head-on. Using this mode for tail-on targets will significantly reduce our detection range. The ППС (Russian PPS) cue on the HUD indicates HPRF mode.
27. Medium Pulse Repetition Frequency, or MPRF mode, is used for targets that are between tail-on and side-on. Using this mode for head-on targets will significantly reduce our detection range. The ЗПС (Russian ZPS) cue on the HUD indicates MPRF mode.
28. INTERLEAVED mode is most often used when target aspect is unknown. This mode automatically switches between high and medium PRF on alternate bars of the raster scan pattern. This provides all-aspect detection but at the expense of about 25% reduction of detection range compared to HPRF and MPRF modes. The АВТ (Russian AVT) cue on the HUD indicates interleaved mode.
29. The radar also has two detection modes that can be cycled by pressing RAlt i.
30. SCAN mode can be used in combination with either High, Medium or Interleaved PRF modes. In SCAN mode, radar contacts are displayed on the HUD with no indication of their flight vector. Contacts will be displayed as target markers based on their type as follows:
31. A double-row marker indicates a friendly contact.
32. A single-row marker indicates an unidentified contact and presumed hostile.
33. The number of dots in a row indicates the approximate size of the contact.

34. A vertically running strobe indicates a jamming target. At long ranges, its impossible to determine the range to a jamming target. When being jammed, the АП (Russian AP) cue will be displayed on the HUD.
35. A solid marker over on the strobe indicates a jamming target that is close enough for the radar to burn through and determine its range. This is only possible at relatively short ranges.
36. Track-While-Scan (TWS) mode can track up to 10 targets simultaneously and indicates their flight vectors on the HDD. TWS can only be used in combination with either HPRF or MPRF modes. TWS cant be used when the radar is being jammed.
37. As in SCAN mode, a double-row marker indicates a friendly contact.
38. A single-row marker indicates an unidentified and presumed hostile contact.
39. The radar can automatically prioritize and lock the highest threat. To do so, select the TWS-HPRF mode by selecting RAlt I and RShift I.
40. The radar will prioritize a target and automatically place the targeting box over it. The range scale on the left side of the HUD now includes the following data:
41. The range scale.
42. Current range to the target.
43. Maximum engagement range for a non-maneuvering target.
44. Maximum engagement range for a maneuvering target.
45. And minimum engagement range.
46. When a target is locked, the HUD indication changes and now includes the following data:
47. The А, attack cue, indicates a valid lock.
48. Target aspect, currently indicating head-on.
49. The target marker, indicating the targets location.
50. And the antenna position dot that indicates the position of the radar antenna. To maintain contact with the target, the antenna position dot has to be kept inside an invisible box surrounding the main HUD display field.
51. Launch Authorized! The flashing box at the bottom of the HUD indicates which missile is selected and ready to fire.
52. Fire! (Space bar).
53. Splash one!
54. Lets try locking up a jamming target.
55. To manually designate a target, slew the cursor by pressing , / ; .. Press Enter to lock the target.
56. When locking a jamming contact, we have no range or aspect information for that target.
57. To launch the missile, we need to manually enter the anticipated target range by pressing Ralt + and Ralt .
58. Now lets try to lock a friendly contact.
59. Once again, slew the targeting box over the target.
60. Locking a friendly contact adds a C cue to the HUD display, indicating the contact is a friendly. We also do not receive authorization to fire.
61. As you can see, the Su-27 radar is a complex targeting system, but with knowledge and practice it can be used to effectively engage airborne targets under all conditions.

1. Welcome to the this Su-27 training lesson on using the Infra-Red Search and Track (IRST) system for Beyond Visual Range combat.
2. You can take control or exit the lesson at any time by pressing "ESC&".
3. Please do not touch the controls or change views during this lesson. If you need to pause the lesson, press the "PAUSE" key.
4. The IRST system is installed forward of the canopy. The system is designed to passively detect targets by their heat signature and provide targeting information to the infrared homing missiles carried on the aircraft.
5. The IRST allows the Su-27 to attack targets without having to activate its own radar and thus alert the enemy of its presence.
6. For this lesson, we're armed with 2 R-27ET medium-range infrared homing missiles;
7. And 4 R-73 short-range infrared homing missiles.
8. We have a group of targets ahead of us at medium range. Let's begin working with the IRST.
9. Select Beyond Visual Range (BVR) mode by pressing "2".
10. Press "O" to activate the IRST.
11. Press "D" to select an R-27ET missiles. Check the HUD to confirm your weapon selection.
12. The HUD will also indicate which stations are loaded with the selected weapon. This information is duplicated on the Weapon Readiness Panel below the HUD.
13. In SCAN mode, the IRST scans the airspace ahead in a cone of 60 degrees in azimuth and 10 degrees in elevation.
14. The scan zone can be shifted 30 degrees to the right by pressing "RShift," or 30 degrees to the left by pressing "RShift/". The scan zone can be slewed in the vertical 50 degrees up and 15 degrees down by pressing "RShift ;" and "RShift .". To re-center the scan zone, press "RCtrl i".
15. The current position of the scan zone is indicated by the azimuth and elevation marks on the HDD.
16. The HUD includes a "T" to indicate an active IRST, horizon and pitch indications, contact markers, a targeting box, and the usual flight data for speed, altitude, and heading.
17. When using the IRST, contacts are displayed on the HUD in azimuth-elevation coordinates. This means that contacts are displayed according to their position relative to you in both altitude and bearing.
18. To lock a target, slew the targeting box over the contact by pressing "," "/" ";" "." and then locking it by pressing "Enter".
19. When a target is locked, the HUD indication changes and now includes the following data:
20. The "А" attack cue, indicates a valid lock.
21. The range scale.
22. Current range to target.
23. Maximum engagement range for a maneuvering target.
24. Minimum engagement range.
25. The target marker, indicating the target's position.
26. And the IRST position dot that indicates the position of the sensor. To maintain contact with the target, the sensor position dot has to be kept within inside the invisible box surrounding the main HUD display field.
27. As soon as we're within launch range, we can the launch a missile without worrying about it being able to reach its target. The "Launch Authorized" cue will indicate when we are within range.
Remember that the earlier you fire, the more time the enemy will have to take defensive action.
28. We're closing in - afterburner!
29. Launch Authorized! The selected missile is surrounded by a flashing box on the bottom of the HUD.
30. Fire! (Space bar).
31. Splash one!
32. Remember that the main advantage of the IRST is silence and surprise. These two elements are powerful force multipliers.
33. You can now take control and practice using the IRST. A group of hostile aircraft are ahead of us.

1. Welcome to this Su-27 training lesson on the radar warning receiver (RWR).
2. You can take control of the aircraft at any time by pressing "ESC".
3. Please do not touch the controls during the lesson. If you need to pause the lesson, press the "Pause" key.
4. The Su-27 is equipped with the SPO-15LM "Beryoza" ("Birch") RWR.
5. The SPO-15LM system includes the RWR panel in the cockpit and 4 receiver antennas around the aircraft.
6. Let's take a look at the cockpit panel and how it indicates various radar emitters.
7. The panel includes three rows of lights around the center of an aircraft symbol:
8. The large yellow lights indicate the direction of the highest priority threat. If two lights are lit at the same time, the threat azimuth is between them.
9. The smaller rectangular lights indicate signal strength. Signal strength is a function of range to the emitter source. Because the RWR is capable of identifying the source of the emitter, this row of lights makes it possible to estimate the range to the highest priority threat.
10. The two hemisphere yellow lights in the center of the panel indicate whether the emitter is above or below you. If both lights are on, it's approximately on the same altitude.
11. The small green lights indicate direction to emitters other than the highest priority threat.
12. The row of lights along the bottom of the display will identify threats as follows:
13. The "C" light is for AWACS aircraft.
14. Above the emitter identification lights is a row of yellow lights, one of which will be lit to identify the highest priority threat.
15. The "F" light is for ground-based, early warning radar stations.
16. When your aircraft is scanned by a radar, a low-frequency, short audio tone will sound and the red light in the center of the display will be off.
17. You can increase and decrease the audio volume of the SPO-15 by pressing "RAlt+" and "RAlt-".
18. The "H" light is for short-range or self-propelled SAM systems.
19. If the red light in the center of the display is lit and a steady high-frequency audio tone is heard, you have been locked up by a radar. This will often happen prior to a missile launch.
20. At this point we've skirted a short-range SAM at a safe distance.
21. An "X" light is for a medium-range SAM.
22. A flashing red light and a high-frequency alert tone indicates a threat radar is in missile guidance mode, which is a sure sign of an incoming missile. Perform an evasive maneuver immediately.
23. A "З" (Russian "Z") light is for along-range SAM.
24. We can filter out threats that are in scan mode to de-clutter the panel. This will only leave threats that are in either lock or missile guidance modes. Press "RShift R" to select or deselect declutter.
25. The "П" (Russian "P") light is for fighter aircraft radars or an active radar missile seeker.
26. Remember that the RWR cannot tell the difference between a friendly and enemy radar emitter.
27. As you can see, the SPO-15LM is an effective yet simple to use RWR system that allows you to assess radar emitter threats.

1. Welcome to this Su-27 training lesson covering weapons employment in Close-range Air Combat (CAC).
2. You can take control of the aircraft at any point by pressing "ESC".
3. Please do not touch the controls during the lesson. If you need to pause the lesson, press the "Pause" key.
4. The targeting system of the Su-27 includes the following 6 CAC modes:
5. Boresight mode allows you to lock a target within the HUD field of view (FoV) and select a specific target by placing it inside the 2.5-degree targeting reticle. The reticle position can be moved inside the HUD using the slew commands.
6. Helmet mode uses the helmet-mounted sight (HMS) targeting system. This modes allows you to lock up targets that are far off the nose and it is especially effective in combination with R-73 short-range IR-guided missile.
7. Vertical Scan (VS) mode automatically locks up a target detected within the radar's vertical scan pattern of 3-degrees in azimuth and -10 to +55 degrees in elevation. This mode is useful in a maneuvering fight when pulling the nose toward the target along the lift vector. It significantly reduces the time required to lock a target.
8. Fi0 ("Phi-Zero") mode is a back-up mode in case the aircraft's onboard targeting systems are unusable. This modes allows you to lock a target directly using the missile seeker.
9. LCOS gun sight mode is used to attack targets with the gun during complex air combat maneuvers at ranges up to 1,400 meters.
10. Funnel mode is a back-up gun sight used to attack targets on the same plane of motion in case LCOS mode is unusable.
11. Let's take a closer look at these modes.
12. Press "4" to select Boresight mode. This will also automatically bring up the R-73 short-range missiles loaded on the wingtips.
13. Maneuver the aircraft to place the targets inside the HUD.
14. Use the'/''.'','';' keys to slew the targeting reticle over the desired target.
15. With the target inside the reticle, press "Enter" to initiate a target lock.
16. Launch Authorized (LA). The selected missile is designated on the HUD inside a box.
17. Launch! ("Space bar" key).
18. Splash one!
19. Press "5" to selected the Helmet mode.
20. Turn your head to place the HMS reticle over the target.
21. Press "Enter" to initiate a lock. The data displayed on the HUD is identical to the Boresight mode and includes:
- The "A" attack cue to indicate a valid lock
- The "T" cue indicates that the IRST is active
- Target range
- Maximum and minimum authorized launch ranges
- The target marker
- The selected missile type
22. Missile away!
23. Splash two!
24. Press "6" to select the Fi0 mode.
25. Turning toward our next target.
26. This target is further out, so I'll select an R-27ET medium-range IR-guided missile by pressing "D".
27. Maneuver the aircraft to place the reticle over the target.
28. The LA cue and a steady audio tone indicates a valid lock by the missile seeker.
29. Launch!
30. Splash three!

31. The following steps are necessary to employ semi-active radar homing (SARH) missiles in CAC modes:
32. Select one of the three CAC modes (Boresight, Vertical Scan, Helmet).
33. Activate the radar by pressing "I" and deactivate the IRST by pressing "O".
34. Select an R-27ER missile by pressing "D".
35. Lock the target.
36. Missile away!
37. Target hit!
38. Now let's take a look at gun employment.
39. The following steps are used to engage a target with the LCOS gun sight:
40. Lock a target using any CAC or BVR mode, such as CAC-VS.
41. Press "3" to select CAC-VS mode.
42. Maneuver the aircraft to place the target between the two vertical lines on the HUD.
43. As soon as the target is inside the scan zone, it's locked up automatically.
44. Select the gun by pressing "C".
45. At ranges greater than 1,400 m, only the target range is displayed on the HUD along with the amount of remaining ammunition in quarters.
46. Once within 1,400 m, the LA cue and aiming crosshairs appear on the HUD. The range bar over the crosshairs indicates target range. A full circle represents 1,400 m.
47. Place the crosshairs over the target and open fire by pressing the space bar.
48. Good hits!
49. Turning to and closing on our next target.
50. To use the gun funnel, select any CAC or BVR mode and bring up the gun with the "C" key without locking a target.
51. Visually identify the type of target, in this case an AN-26. Input the estimated wing span of the target into the targeting system by pressing "RCtrl +" and "RCtrl –". The target wingspan value is visible at the top of the HUD.
52. To use the funnel accurately, you need to be positioned behind the target and match its bank angle. Place the target inside the funnel until its wingtips touch the funnel edges and fire.
53. Target hit!
54. As you can see, the Su-27 offers you a wide array of weapon employment options in close-range air combat. This helps make the Su-27 a very dangerous opponent.

1. Welcome to the Su-33 aircraft carrier launch and recovery training lesson.
2. Press "ESC" at any time to take control or exit the lesson.
3. Please do not touch any input devices during the training lesson. Press "PAUSE" to pause the lesson.
4. Press "LShift F" to extend the flaps all the way down.
5. Increase engine power.
6. Full afterbuner!
7. Take-off! Maintain 20-degrees of pitch. Retract the landing gear by pressing "G".
8. Press "LCtrl F" to retract the flaps.
9. Level out at 500 m and 500 km/h. Begin an 180-degree turn with 30-degrees of bank to the left.
10. To maintain airspeed around 500 km/h at this low altitude, the engine RPM will need to be around 80%.
11. Finishing our turn to a course opposite of the final approach or upwind.
12. At a range of 12 km., press "B" to extend the airbrake. Turn 90-degrees with a 30-degree bank angle to fly perpendicular to the final approach course or base leg.
13. When turning on base, reduce airspeed to 350 km/h.
14. Once we reach 350 km/h, increase engine power between 85 and 90% to maintain airspeed.
15. Press "G" to extend the landing gear. This will also lower the flaps automatically.
16. Press "LAlt G" to lower the arrestor hook.
17. When the carrier is about 80-degrees of the nose, begin the turn to final approach.
18. Select Landing mode by pressing "1".
19. Completing our turn on final and lining up on the approach course by following the director bars. When the horizontal glideslope bar lowers, descend and reduce airspeed to 245 km/h.
20. To maintain the aircraft on glide path without constant localizer corrections, the aircraft carrier runs a course so that the crosswind compensates for the travel of the angled flight deck. This is something to keep in mind when building missions in the editor.
21. When the assigned airspeed of 245 km/h is reached, increase engine power to about 85% to stabilize. Maintain a sink rate of between 3 and 5 m/s.
22. Attached to the left side of the HUD is the ISM-1 indicator. This shows deviation from the assigned angle of attack of the glideslope and it helps to regulate approach speeds as follows:
When YELLOW FLASHING, the AoA is very low, reduce airspeed
When YELLOW, the AoA is low, reduce airspeed slowly
When YELLOW and GREEN, the AoA is slightly low, adjust airspeed down
When GREEN, the AoA is correct, maintain airspeed
When RED and GREEN, the AoA is slightly high, increase airspeed
When RED, the AoA is high, increase airspeed immediately
When RED FLASHING, DANGER! The AoA is very high. Engage full afterburner and go around!
When on final approach, try to keep the horizontal and vertical director bars centered and the ISM-1 indicator showing green.
23. Wire caught! Full power!
24. Press "LCtrl F" to raise the flaps, "B" to retract the airbrake, and "LAlt G" to raise the tail hook. Press "RCtrl P" to fold the wings. Taxi to the first available parking space.
25. If you miss the wires, immediately engage full afterburner and retract the airbrake for a go-around. Engine power is increased just before touchdown in case of just such an event.
26. Coming to a full stop at the parking space.
27. Press "U" to move the aircraft to the launch position.
28. Press "RCtrl P" to unfold the wings.
29. Now you can practice the launch and recovery operations in the Su-33.
30. As we approach the deck, touchdown is made visually by flying the aircraft toward the arrestor wires. Increase engine power prior to touch down.

1. Welcome to this Su-27 training lesson on the use of unguided air-to-surface weapons.
2. You can take control during this lesson or exit it by pressing "ESC".
3. Please don't touch the control during the lesson. To pause the lesson, press the "PAUSE" key.
4. The Su-27's primary role is air-to-air; however, it is also capable of employing a number of unguided air-to-surface weapons that includes free-fall bombs, unguided rockets, and the internal gun. The aircraft can carry up to 4,000 kg of ordnance.
5. Press "7" to select Air-to-Surface mode.
6. Press "D" to select RBK-500 cluster bombs, loaded on fuselage stations. These weapons are intended for groups of targets.
7. The Head Down Display (HDD) indicates the pre-loaded targets from the mission editor. The currently selected target is indicated by the solid triangle on the HDD and the diamond on the HUD.
8. The "ОТВ" (Russian "OTV") cue indicates a blast fragmentation area prohibit.
9. The aiming reticle on the HUD indicates the calculated bomb impact point. If the reticle doesn't have a Projected Bomb Impact Line (PBIL) extending from it, the reticle is actually off the HUD display and under your nose.
10. The PBIL indicates the bomb impact line over the ground.
11. Turning into our target.
12. The left side of the HUD displays the range to the impact point.
13. Maneuvering to place the reticle over the target.
14. The Launch Authorized cue indicates that we are within valid weapon employment parameters.
15. Bombs away! ("Space bar" key)
16. Press "D" to select FAB-500 general purpose bombs, loaded on stations beneath the engine inlets.
17. We'll do a half-loop to line up on the target.
18. Maneuver to place the reticle over the target and hold the "Space bar" key to command the impact point.
19. Fly to keep aircraft datum on the HUD in the center of the director circle.
20. The time remaining before release is indicated on the left side of the HUD. Two seconds before release, an audio tone is heard.
21. Release! In this mode, bombs are released automatically as long as the trigger is held.
22. We'll perform a combat turn toward the next target. We'll attack with S-13 unguided rockets. UB-13 rocket pods carry five S-13 rockets each and are loaded on the inboard wing stations.
23. The range scale indication includes:
- The current range to impact point
- The maximum firing range
- The minimum firing range
24. Maneuver to place the reticle over the target.
25. Fire! ("Space bar" key).
26. Press "C" to select the gun.
27. Turning toward the next target.
28. Placing the reticle over the target...
29. Fire! ("Space bar" key).
30. Good hits!
31. We'll return to base to rearm so that you can take-off and practice using unguided weapons from the Su-27.
32. As you can see, although the Su-27's primary role is air-to-air, it can be an effective ground attack platform in good visibility conditions.
33. Landing...
34. Coming to a full stop. Rearming is only possible when the aircraft has stopped.
35. Press "\" to open the radio commands menu, F7 to select ground personnel, and F3 to select mission payload.