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Eagle Dynamics The Fighter Collection

Su-25T

29. Introduction
   Part 1
   Part 2
   Part 3
30. Shkval electro-optical targeting system
   Part 1
   Part 2
31. Guns and Rockets
   Part 1
   Part 2
32. Free-fall Bombs
   Part 1
   Part 2
33. Laser-guided missiles
   Part 1
   Part 2
34. TV-guided Bombs and Missiles
35. Suppression of Enemy Air Defense (SEAD)
   Part 1
   Part 2
36. The R-60M and R-73 Air-to-Air Missiles


29. Introduction (Part 1)

1. Welcome to the Su-25T orientation lesson. The Su-25T is an upgraded version of the famous Su-25 close air support aircraft.
2. The Su-25T is equipped with a relatively standard avionics package for a fourth generation Russian aircraft of its class, including a Heads Up Display (HUD) and numerous autopilot functions. Compared to the standard Su-25, the Tango version is heavier due to additional fuel tanks and avionics compartments installed in the fuselage. To accommodate the added equipment, a distinct hump was added behind the cockpit.
3. On the Su-25T, the ailerons and elevators are linked to a hydraulic booster system, while the rudder is connected to the pedals through a standard mechanical assembly. This is a change from the standard Su-25 that uses hydraulic boosters for aileron control only.
4. To take control of the aircraft or exit the mission at anytime, you can press the "ESC" key.
5. In this lesson, we'll review HUD navigation mode symbology, as well as how to fly along a planned route using direct control. We'll also discuss numerous non-combat autopilot modes. It's recommended that you become familiar with the cockpit instrumentation and flight-navigation procedures of the standard Su-25 before proceeding in this lesson.
6. The instrument panel of the Su-25T is very similar to that of the standard Su-25. The airspeed indicator has been altered to include a yellow scale to show true airspeed (TAS).A new autopilot panel has been added to the lower left corner of the instrument panel. We'll discuss this panel in more detail later.
7. The HUD is directly in front of you. Let's discuss HUD symbology before exploring the navigation and landing modes.
8. The center of the HUD is dominated by the aircraft datum and the artificial horizon reference line. The aircraft datum represents your plane as viewed from behind. The position of the aircraft datum relative to the artificial horizon indicates your plane's actual position in space.
9. When the aircraft is rolled, the aircraft datum rolls with it, indicating the angle of bank. This allows the pilot to maintain orientation even when the actual horizon is not visible.
10. The aircraft datum is surrounded by a bank angle scale. The large tick marks correspond to 15, 30, and 60 degrees, while the small tick marks indicate 5 and 10 degrees. The aircraft datum is fixed in the center of the HUD and the horizon line moves up or down relative to the indicated pitch angle.
11. To the right of the aircraft datum and artificial horizon pitch angle. Further to the right is the vertical velocity scale, which indicates the aircraft's climb and descent rates in m/s.
12. In the upper left corner of the HUD is the Indicated Airspeed (IAS) in km/h. The small scale and triangle carat underneath the IAS is the acceleration/deceleration indicator. The smaller readout above the IAS is the assigned airspeed for the current route leg.
13. To the right of the IAS is the heading tape with the current heading carat.
14. In the upper right corner of the HUD is the altitude readout. When flying within the functional range of the radar altimeter, the "P" (Russian "R") cue will be added to the altitude display to indicate that radar altitude is being measured. If the aircraft's altitude or bank angle passes beyond the limits of the radar altimeter, the radar altitude indication will be replaced by barometric altitude. The smaller readout above the altitude indication is the assigned barometric altitude for the current route leg.
15. The bottom left corner of the HUD displays the HUD mode or sub-mode. When in NAV mode, the range to the selected navigation point is displayed in the bottom center of the HUD and the sequential number in the route plan for that point is to the right and slightly above the range display.
16. A director circle is in the center of the HUD. The director circle indicates the direction in which you must fly in order to stay on the flight plan. By following the director circle, you can stay on route even in zero-visibility conditions. Directed flight control makes it possible to find the assigned course line even when manually selecting between waypoints by performing course corrections as directed by the director circle.
17. "Enroute" is the primary and most complex autopilot mode, engaged by pressing the "A" key. "Enroute" mode will follow the director circle. Let's give it a try.
18. We'll intentionally take the aircraft off course and then engage "Enroute" mode. Once the autopilot takes over, we'll just have to monitor the airspeed and keep it within limits with inputs on the throttles. Note that the autopilot is maneuvering within the restrictions of 15 degrees maximumangle of attack and no more than 3 g's.
19. As we are turning off course, we can take a little time to discuss the various autopilot modes. The primary mode, as I've mentioned, is "Enroute" mode, which is engaged when the "A" key is pressed while the HUD is in NAV mode. The "Enroute" mode takes over aircraft control to find and maintain the flight route as planned in the mission editor. You are left to monitor and control the airspeed.
20. Another autopilot mode is the "Landing" mode. This mode is also engaged by pressing the "A" key. The "Landing" autopilot mode will be selected when the HUD mode is switched from NAV to LANDING.
21. The "Attitude Stabilization" mode is engaged by pressing "LALT + 1". This can be useful when flying a spiral climb or descent pattern.
22. The "Altitude and Bank Hold" mode is engaged by pressing "LALT + 2". This mode can be used to maintain an orbit pattern.
23. The "Level Flight" mode is engaged by pressing "LALT + 3". This mode will bring the aircraft to wings-level at any attitude. Keep in mind that the autopilot is limited to 3 g, although you can always help it along by applying more pressure to the stick.
24. The "Altitude Hold" mode is engaged by pressing "LALT + 4". This mode will maintain the current barometric altitude but you will retain full roll authority. Keep in mind the 60-degree roll limit of the autopilot. If passed, the autopilot will disengage.

29. Introduction (Part 2)

25. The "Radar Altitude Hold" mode is engaged by pressing "LALT + 5". This mode will hold the current radar altitude. For our next flight, we'll test this mode over the mountains.
26. The autopilot will disengage if the pitch angles exceed +/- 35-degrees or the bank angles exceed 60 degrees in all modes except "Level Flight", "Enroute" and "Landing".
27. Let's see how "Enroute" mode will take us back on course. We'll press the "A" key and check the autopilot control panel to verify the desired mode has engaged. Now all we have to do is control the airspeed.
28. Let's now check out the "Attitude Hold" mode. We'll start a spiral climb pattern with a 30-degree bank angle. Press "LALT + 1" to engage "Attitude Hold".
29. If you need to make adjustments to the held attitude, you can temporarily disengage the autopilot by pressing and holding down the "LALT + ~" (tilde).
When released, the current altitude will be commanded to the autopilot to be maintained.
30. The autopilot is now holding the adjusted attitude.
31. Now we'll try the "Level Flight" mode by pressing "LALT + 3" and then we'll engage "Enroute" mode by pressing "A".
32. Extending the airbrakes will help reduce speed. It's starting to shake a bit.
33. Before we reach the steerpoint, let's manually select the next waypoint by pressing "LCTRL + ~". Watch how the autopilot performs the course correction.
34. The autopilot is now doing a 90-degree course correction!
35. As we have some time before reaching the steerpoint, we can examine the autopilots in a little more detail.
36. The "Altitude Hold", "Radar Altitude Hold" and "Attitude Hold" modes can be engaged while in the "Enroute" or "Landing" autopilot modes. The autopilot will hold the corresponding flight parameters.
37. The autopilot is designed to avoid a ground collision when in "Altitude Hold", "Radar Altitude Hold" or "Attitude Hold" modes, including cases where these were engaged out of "Enroute" or "Landing" modes. Ground collision avoidance will engage automatically if the altitude becomes less than half of the assigned value. The ground collision avoidance altitude increases as descent rate increases and always engages if the descent rate exceeds 50 m/s.
38. The autopilot reduces your workload significantly, as long as keep the indicated airspeed under control.
39. Before reaching WP2, let's disengage the autopilot and manually select the next navigation point. We'll try to find the assigned course line manually by following the director circle on the HUD.
40. Clearly, the autopilot can do better...

29. Introduction (Part 3)

41. Next time you can fly the entire route, but for now it's time to RTB.
42. We'll switch to RETURN sub-mode and then engage the autopilot.
43. The autopilot is now in the "Landing" mode and is flying us toward the Initial Approach point for the airfield. Watch the IAS.
44. We need to take control to flare and finish the landing.
45. For further information on the upgraded instruments and controls of the Su-25T, refer to the Flight Manual.

30. Shkval electro-optical targeting system (Part 1)

1. Welcome to this Su-25T training lesson on the "Shkval" electro-optical targeting system.
2. You can take control at anytime by pressing the "ESC" key.
3. To pause the lesson, press the "PAUSE" key.
4. Pay close attention to this lesson because the information will be useful in later lessons.
5. The primary targeting system of the Su-25T is the I-251 "Shkval" electro-optical targeting system, which is designed to detect and automatically track targets in day-light conditions. Additionally, the Su-25T can be equipped with the "Mercury" low-light television targeting system for night-time operations. The functionality of the two systems is identical.
6. Begin by selecting air-to-ground mode by pressing "7".
7. Let's take a look at the Weapon Readiness Panel.
8. The yellow lights indicate weapon stations that are loaded.
9. A green light indicate stores carried on that station.
10. The Weapon Type window indicates the type of weapon selected using the following symbols:
11. НРС (Russian "NRS") is for unguided rockets. When selected, the HUD will display the specific rocket type.
12. Б: (Russian "B") is for free-fall bombs. When selected, the HUD will only indicate that bombs are selected, without specifying the specific type.
13. УР (Russian "UR") is for guided missiles. This will be displayed when either air-to-surface or air-to-air missiles are selected. The HUD will indicate the specific type of missile selected.
14. ВПУ (Russian "VPU") is for the internal gun. The HUD will repeat the "ВПУ" indication as well as the amount of ammunition remaining in quarters.
15. ППУ (Russian "PPU") is for external gun pods. The HUD will repeat the "ППУ" indication as well as the amount of ammunition remaining in quarters.
16. The "Reserve" window displays the weapons type that can be used simultaneously with the currently selected weapon.
17. The lower part of the Weapons Readiness Panel contains three windows that display the amount of ammunition remaining as follows:
-outer external gun pods
-inner external gun pods
-internal gun
Note, that the ammunition remaining is displayed in quarters using the following symbology:
"K" -- fully loaded
"3/4" -- 75% remaining
"1/2" -- 50% remaining
"H3" (Russian "NZ") -- Low
"////" -- None
18. We're now ready to take a closer look at the "Shkval" targeting system.
19. Press "O" to uncage the sensor. As we do so, a "ТВ" (Russian "TV") indication appears the HUD and the television monitor (TVM) in the cockpit displays a monochrome image of the sensor's line of sight.
20. The TVM image is overlaid with aircraft attitude symbology to assist with maintaining situational awareness. This includes an aircraft datum to indicate roll, a pitch reference line with a numeric indication of pitch angle, and the current radar altitude.
21. The sensor can be slewed horizontally and vertically by using the ";" "." ";" "/" keys. The HUD symbology includes the sensor's line of sight, and the TVM includes azimuth and elevation scales marked for 10 degrees along the top and left side of the display.
The sensor can be slewed up to 35-degrees left or right, 15-degrees up, and 80-degrees down.
In flight, the sensor is automatically stabilized in roll for up to 30-degrees. If aircraft roll exceeds 60-degrees while the sensor is tracking, the target tracking will be lost.

30. Shkval electro-optical targeting system (Part 2)

22. The sensor has 3 magnification options that can be set by pressing "+" and "-". The settings are 1x, 8x, and 23x. The current magnification setting is indicated in the upper left corner of the TVM.
23. The following steps are used to lock a ground target using the Shkval:
24. Adjust the size of the targeting box on the TVMto enclose the intended target by pressing "RCTRL +" and "RCTRL -" in steps or "RLAT +" and "RALT -" for smooth control.
25. Slew the sensor over the general target area and then ground-stabilize by pressing the "Enter" key. When the sensor is ground-stabilized, a "KC" (Russian "KS") cue is displayed on the TVM. The range to the tracking point is also displayed if closer than 10 km.
26. Select the desirable magnification setting and slew the sensor over the intended target. If the targeting box size has been set correctly to correspond with intended target size, the sensor will automatically lock on to it and track the target. This is indicated by the "AC" (Russian "AS") cue on the TVM.
27. To unlock the target, simply slew the sensor away from it. In this case, the system will revert to ground-stabilized mode.
28. You can also unlock the target and disengage ground-stabilization by pressing "Enter" again.
29. To activate the laser, press "RShift + O". When the laser is active, the "ИД" (Russian "ID") cue is displayed on the HUD.
30. When the laser is active in ground-stabilized or automatic tracking sensor modes, the "ИД" (Russian "ID") cue is also displayed on the TVM.
31. If target range is beyond the maximum limit of 10 km, the range indication on the TVM disappears and the "ИД" (Russian "ID") cue begins to flash.
32. Once the laser is deactivated manually by pressing "RShift + O" or automatically after one minute of operation, it enters the cooling cycle. When cooling, the "Л" (Russian "L") cue will flash on the HUD. After the cooling cycle is complete and the laser can be activated again, the "Л" (Russian "L") cue disappears.
If necessary, you can manually force-fire the laser during the cooling cycle by quickly pressing "RShift + O" five times.
33. Let's now try using the Shkval to track an airborne target.
34. Set the targeting box size for the intended target.
35. With the sensor uncaged and not in ground-stabilized or automatic tracking modes, maneuver the aircraft and slew the sensor to place them in the center of the TVM. Press "Enter" to lock it up. If the targeting box size has been set correctly for the intended target, the sensor begins to automatically track the target, indicated by the "AC" cue on the TVM.
36. For operations in low-light conditions, the Su-25T can be equipped with the "Mercury" LLTV targeting system. Its functions and control are identical to that of the Shkval. To activate the Mercury system, press "RCtrl + O".
37. You can now practice using the Shkval targeting system of the Su-25T.

31. Guns and Rockets (Part 1)

1. Welcome to this Su-25T training lesson on gun and rocket employment against ground targets.
2. You can take control of the aircraft at anytime by pressing the "ESC" key.
3. Please don't touch the control during this lesson. To pause the flight, press the "PAUSE" key.
4. The Su-25T is armed with the GSh-302 twin-barrel, 30 mm internal cannon. Additionally, up to four SPPU-22 gun pods can be carried externally. Each gun pod contains a GSh-23 twin-barrel, 23 mm cannon that can traverse down to point at the ground.
5. The Su-25T is also armed with several different rocket types:
The S-5 57 mm rocket has 32 rockets per pod;
The S-8 80 mm rocket has 20 rockets per pod;
The S-13 130 mm rocket has 5 rockets per pod;
The S-24 heavy rocket is loaded one per pylon;
and the S-25 is an improved heavy rocket that is carried inside a dedicated launch tube. Only one S-25 can be carried per station.
6. In total, up to 8 stations can be loaded with rockets of various types.
7. To begin, we'll select air-to-ground mode by pressing the "7" key. The Weapons Control System (WCS) will automatically select S-8 rockets that are loaded on the outboard stations.
8. Lining up on our target.
9. The targeting reticle indicates the calculated impact point. A range-scale on the left side of the HUD indicates the current range to impact point.
10. To maximize accuracy, press "RSHIFT + O" to activate the laser to measure the slant range to target. Laser activation can be confirmed by the "ИД" (Russian "ID") cue on the HUD.
11. Maneuver the aircraft to place the reticle over the target.
12. Launch Authorized!
13. Fire! ("Space" bar).
14. Rockets will continue to fire as long as the trigger is held down, which is a good way to control the number of rockets released. Heavy rockets can only be fired one at a time.
15. The laser has turned off automatically to prevent it from overheating. You can turn off the laser manually by pressing "RSHIFT + O" again.
The "Л" (Russian "L") cue will flash on the HUD while the laser is cooling. Once the cooling cycle is complete, the "Л" (Russian "L") cue will turn off and the laser can be activated again. If necessary, the laser can be activated before the cooling cycle is compete by quickly pressing "RSHIFT + O" five times.
16. We'll now bring up the internal gun by pressing the "C" key.
17. When using either the internal gun or external gun pods, the burst length can be controlled in two ways:
-You can manually cut-off when the burst ends by releasing the trigger ("Space" bar). This mode is always enabled;
-Or you can automatically cut-off when the burst ends after a set number of gun rounds being fired. This mode can be enabled or disabled by pressing "LShift + C".
18. For this pass, we will use automatic cut-off.
19. Running in on the target from a dive.
20. Maneuver to place the reticle over the target...
21. Waiting to get within firing range. As soon as this happens, the "ПР" (Launch Authorized) cue will appear on the HUD.
22. Fire!
23. Target hit!
24. For our next pass, we'll use the gun pods loaded on the inboard stations. We'll use the Fixed Depression mode to take advantage of the pods' capability to traverse down. To enable Fixed Depression mode, the laser must be off and the Ripple Quantity switch on the WCS Panel must be set to either "По 2" (Russian "Po 2") or "По 4" (Russian "Po 4") by pressing "LCTRL + Space". The Ripple Quantity setting functions as follows:
По 2 ("Po 2") allows two pods to fire
По 4 ("Po 4") allows four pods to fire
25. The green light on the WCS Panel indicates that the gun pods are depressed below the aircraft. If the guns are retracted, the light will be off.
Gun depression steps are controlled with the "RCTRL +" and "RCTRL -" keys. To smoothly depress the pods, press "RALT +" and "RALT -".

31. Guns and Rockets (Part 2)

26. Running in on the target...
27. Depress the gun pods to the desired angle by watching the gun reticle on the HUD.
28. Maneuver the aircraft to place the reticle over the target.
29. Fire!
30. We'll attack the next target with only two pods. To do so, set the Ripple Quantity switch to "По 2" ("Po 2") by pressing "LCTRL +Space".
31. For this run, we'll switch to Programmed Point Tracking mode, which is enabled automatically when the laser is active and guns pods are selected.
In this mode, the guns will automatically stay fixed to the aimed point. If we fly the aircraft carefully without inducing any roll, the entire burst will land in one spot.
32. Let's disable automatic burst cut-off by pressing "LShift + C". The guns will now fire as long as the trigger is held down.
33. Running in on the target.
34. Activate the laser and thus enabling the Programmed Point Tracking mode.
35. Maneuver to place the reticle over the target...
36. Press the trigger to fire and hold it down until the attack is complete.
37. After a minute of activation, the laser turns off automatically to cool down.
38. We'll attack the next target with all four SPPU pods. To do so, set the Ripple Quantity switch to "По-4".
39. The lower part of the WCS Panel contains three windows that display the amount of ammunition remaining as follows:
-outer external gun pods
-inner external gun pods
-internal gun
Note that the ammunition remaining is displayed in quarters:
"K" -- fully loaded
"3/4" -- 75% remaining
"1/2" -- 50% remaining
"H3" (Russian "NZ") -- Low
"////" -- None
40. Running in on target...
For this run, we will use the "Shkval" electro-optical targeting system to aim the gun pods. The guns' vertical position will be controlled by the WCS to stay on the "Shkval" aim point.
41. Activate the "Shkval" system by pressing "O".
42. Search for and designate the target by either ground stabilizing over the target area (indicated by "КС" on the TV monitor) or actually locking the target (indicated by "АС" on the TV monitor).
43. Enage the autopilot by pressing "A" or "LALT + 6". The SAU-8 flight control system will now fly the plane directly toward the target.
44. Activate the laser.
As you can see, the SPPU pods are automatically tracking the target in the vertical plane. Combined with the autopilot, targeting is completely automatic in both horizontal and vertical planes. All that is left for us to do is press the trigger once the LA (Launch Authorized) cue is displayed.
45 .Press and hold the trigger until the attack is complete.
46. Press "LALT + 9" to disengage the autopilot.
47. As you can see, the Su-25T is armed with a wide array of effective gun solutions and gun employment options that allow it to engage many types of ground targets.

32. Free-fall Bombs (Part 1)

1. Welcome to this Su-25T training lesson on the employment of unguided bombs.
2. The Su-25T is armed with unguided bombs of various types and sizes. The aircraft can be loaded with up to 4,300 kg. of ordnance.
3. The Su-25T's maneuverability, electro-optical targeting system, and wide array of weapons allow it to effectively engage most types of targets.
4. Select air-to-ground mode by pressing "7".
5. Press "D" to select RBK-500 cluster bombs, which are currently loaded on the inboard wing stations. These bombs are designed to be used against groups of targets.
6. The 'ОТВ' (Russian "TURN AWAY") warning light indicates that it's dangerous to release the weapon under current conditions because we are inside the blast fragmentation zone.
7. I'm now setting up our approach for a dive bombing run.
8. Let's configure the Weapons Control System (WCS).
9. Press "LCTRL + Space bar" to set the desired Ripple Quantity as follows:
"Пo-1" (Russian "Po-1") to release in singles.
"Пo-2" (Russian "Po-2") to release in pairs.
"Пo-4" (Russian "Po-4") to release in fours.
and "Все" (Russian "All") to release all bombs of the selected type.
10. We'll select to release in pairs by setting the switch to "Пo-2" (Russian "Po-2").
11. Press "V" to set the Ripple Interval as follows:
"Залп" (Russian "Salvo") to release the entire quantity at once.
"0.1" to release in intervals of 1/10th of a second.
"0.2" to release in intervals of 2/10th of a second.
"0.3" to release at an interval of 3/10th of a second.
And "0.4" to release at intervals of 4/10th of a second.
When using a cluster container or bomb rack, select the "Серия КМГУ/МБД" (Russian "KMGU/MBD Series") setting to release from all stations, but one at a time and in order.
12. Because we're attacking an individual target, I'll set the Ripple Interval to "Salvo". This will release all of the munitions simultaneously, maximizing the effect on target.
13. The Su-25T does not enjoy a great thrust-to-weight ratio, so we need considerable distance to be able to reach a useful altitude for dive bombing, which is approximately 2,000 m. For best results, the dive angle should be around 30 degrees and a speed of around 640 km/h. Flaps should be extended to the Maneuver position, or half-flaps.
In this configuration, the aircraft will shake in a dive, making visual targeting more difficult. Practicing will help you aim more precisely despite this effect.
14. Press "F" to extend the flaps to the Maneuver position.
15. Starting our dive toward the target. If the dive is performed correctly, the bomb fall line should appear over the targeting reticle.
16. The range to impact point is displayed on the left side of the HUD.
17. Maneuver the aircraft to place the reticle over the target and hold down the "Space" bar.
18. Release! Keep holding the "Space" bar until all the bombs have been released.
19. For the next pass, we'll try level-bombing by using the Continually Computed Release Point (CCRP) mode.

32. Free-fall Bombs (Part 2)

20. Seeing that we have a group of targets, I'll increase the Ripple Interval to 0.3 seconds to space out the impact points.
21. Lining up our target approach.
22. Maneuver the aircraft to place the reticle over the target and hold down the "Space" bar or trigger.
23. Keeping the trigger held down, fly the aircraft so that the G-line stays centered in the targeting reticle. This will keep us on the target.
24. A count-down timer to release is displayed on the left side of the HUD. An audible tone will be heard 2 seconds before release.
25. Release! The weapons are automatically released, but you must keep holding down the trigger until all the bombs have been released.
26. For the next pass, we'll try level-bombing using the CCRP mode in combination with the "Shkval" targeting system to lock the target. We'll then have the autopilot fly the aircraft to the release point.
27. We'll use FAB-100 light-weight, blast-fragmentation bombs. In this case, they are loaded on Multiple Ejector Racks (MER) with 4 bombs each. We'll set the Ripple Interval switch to the setting designed for this purpose.
28. The "KMGU/MBD Series" switch configures the release such that weapons will come off one station only after the previous station has been unloaded.
29. I'll set the Ripple Quantity switch to "All."
30. Lining up our target approach along the line of targets.
31. Activate the "Shkval" system by pressing "O". Search for and lock the target or the point of interest on the ground.
32. Engage the autopilot by pressing "A" or "LALT + 6". The SAU-8 autopilot system will fly the aircraft directly to the bomb release point.
33. As you approach the target, activate the laser by pressing "RShift + O".
34. As you can see, the autopilot maintains the aircraft heading toward target.
35. Release! The weapons are released automatically, but you must keep holding down the trigger until all the bombs have been released.
36. Press "LALT + 9" to disengage the autopilot.
37. To let you practice bombing with the Su-25T, we will come in for a landing to re-arm.
38. As you can see, the Su-25T can employ unguided bombs effectively and with precision in good visibility conditions.Combined with deadly munitions and good armor protection, this makes it a dangerous aircraft on the today's battlefield.
39. Coming in for a landing...
40. Coming to a full stop. Re-arming is only possible after the aircraft has come to a full stop.
41. When stopped, contact the ground personnel to request re-arming.
42. Take-off.

33. Laser-Guided Missiles (Part 1)

1. Welcome to this Su-25T training lesson on the employment of laser-guided missiles.
2. You can take control of the aircraft or exit the mission by pressing the "ESC" key.
3. Press the "PAUSE" key if you need to pause the lesson.
4. The Su-25T is equipped with four types of laser-guided missiles:
5. The primary anti-armor weapon is the 9A4172 "Vikhr" anti-tank guided missile (ATGM). The Su-25T can carry up to 16 of these missiles on two APU-8 launcher stations with 8 missiles per station.
The "Vikhr" is designed to be used against stationary and moving armored targets such as tanks and armored personnel. A main battle tank may require one or two missiles to kill it depending on attack angle.
The weapon's maximum range is 10 km.
6. The Kh-25ML is used against stationary targets and large ships. The Su-25T can carry up to 4 of these.
The maximum range of this missile is 12 km.
7. The S-25L is used against hardened targets such as bunkers and other reinforced structures. It can also be used against slow moving ships. The Su-25T can carry up to 8 of these missiles. The maximum range of this missile is 6 km.
8. The Kh-29L is a heavy air-to-surface missile that is most often used against heavily hardened targets like such as bunkers, command centers and other underground facilities. It can also be used against large ships. The Su-25T can carry up to 2 of these missiles and the maximum range is 12 km.
9. Our target today is an armor column and a group of enemy ships. Two ships are moored at the dock and another two have already sailed.
We are armed with 16 "Vikhr", 4 S-25L and 2 Kh-29L for this lesson.
10. We'll begin by selecting Air-to-Ground mode by pressing "7".
11. Pressing the "D" key will select the "Vikhr" missile.
12. Press "O" to activate the "Shkval" targeting system.
13. Adjust the size the targeting box by pressing "RCTRL -" and "RCTRL +" for steps or "RALT -" RALR +" for smoother control. The desirable size for most ground vehicle targets will be around 10 m.
14. Lining up the target. The further out we line up on the target, the more time we will have to set-up for the engagement.
15. Press "LALT + 1" to engage the "Attitude Hold" autopilot channel. In this mode, the autopilot will hold our current roll and pitch, freeing us to focus on engaging the targets.
Search for and lock the target using the "Shkval" system.
16. Press "LALT + 9" to disengage the autopilot.
17. Press "RSHIFT + O" to activate the laser. The laser is required to guide a laser-guided missile.

33. Laser-Guided Missiles (Part 2)

18. Place the launch reticle over the target marker and... Fire! ("Space bar" key).
19. Good hit on the target! Locking up the next target... Fire!
20. Hit!
21. Press "RSHIFT + O" to turn off the laser. The laser will now begin its cooling cycle, indicated by the flashing "Л" (Russian "L") on the HUD.
22. When the cooling cycle is complete and the laser can be used again, the "Л" (Russian "L") cue on the HUD disappears.
23. Pressing the "D" key will select the S-25L missile.
24. Our next target is a ship.
Large targets, such as structures or ships can still be locked by the "Shkval" by increasing the targeting box size to its maximum setting.
To do this, set the targeting box size to 60 m.
25. Lining up on our next target...
26. Engaging the "Attitude Hold" autopilot channel by pressing "LALT + 1".
27. Let's adjust your attitude. Press and hold "LALT + ~" to temporarily disengage the autopilot. While holding down this key combination, adjust the roll and pitch as desired. Now re-engage the autopilot by releasing the "LALT + ~" keys.
The autopilot will now hold the last set attitude.
28. Search for and lock the target using the "Shkval". When a valid lock is present and a weapon has been selected, a time count-down will be displayed on the TV monitor indicating the missile's remaining time-of-flight. If multiples missiles have been fired, the timer will indicate the flight time of the last missile fired.
29. The range scale on the HUD includes the following information:
-current range to target
-maximum firing range
-and minimum firing range
For an effective engagement, the range should be between the maximum and minimum range indications.
30. Activating the laser.
31. The flashing "ПР" Launch Authorized cue on the HUD indicates that we are within firing range, but the target is too far off the nose. We need to bring the nose closer to the target. When the LA cue stops flashing and remains solid, we will be within all firing parameters.
...Fire!
32. Good hit on target!
Press "LALT + 9" to disengage the autopilot.
33. The laser has shut down automatically to prevent overheating. While the laser is cooling, the "Л" (Russian "L") cue on the HUD will blink. Once the cooling cycle is complete, the "Л" (Russian "L") cue will turn off and the laser can be activated again. If necessary, the laser can be force-activated before finishing the cooling cycle. To do so, quickly press "RShift + O" 5 times.
34. As you can see, the Su-25T is armed with powerful and precise guided missiles, which allow it to effectively engage any target from a car to a large ship.
35. You can now practice using guided missiles by engaging the remaining ships.

34. TV-guided Bombs and Missiles

1. Welcome to this Su-25T training lesson on the employment of television-guided missiles and bombs.
2. You can take control of the aircraft or exit the lesson by pressing the "ESC" key.
3. Press the "PAUSE" key to pause the lesson.
4. The Su-25T is equipped with two types of TV-guided weapons:
5. The Kh-29T is a heavy, air-to-surface missile that is most often used against heavily hardened targets like bunkers, command centers and other underground facilities. It can also be used against large ships. The Su-25T can carry up to two of these missiles on APU-58 launch stations. The missile's maximum range is 12 km.
6. The KAB-500Kr is a TV-guided bomb weighting 500 kg. and armed with a penetrating warhead. It's designed to be used against heavily hardened targets, including underground facilities, buildings, and other large structures. The Su-25T can carry up to 2 of these weapons. The minimum release altitude for the KAB-500 is 1,000 m.
7. The main advantage of TV-guided weapons is that they offer "fire and forget" capability.
8. Our target today is an ammunition bunker protected by a short-range SAM.
For this task, we're armed with one Kh-29T to attack the SAM and one KAB-500Kr to attack the primary target.
9. Press "7" to enter Air-to-Ground mode.
Press"D" to select the Kh-29T.
10. Press "O" to activate the "Shkval" targeting system.
11. Adjust the size of the targeting box by pressing "RCTRL -" and "RCTRL +" for steps or "RALT" "RALR +" for smoother control. The desirable size for most ground vehicle targets will be around 10 m.
12. Lining up on the target. For this first pass, we'll take out the SAM system covering the main target.
13. Search for and lock the target by using the "Shkval".
14. Fire! ("Space bar" key). Quickly turn away to avoid a possible SAM launch.
15. Our next target is the bunker.
Large targets, such as structures or ships can still be locked by the "Shkval" by increasing the targeting box size to its maximum size.
To do so, set the targeting box size to 60 m.
16. We'll use the KAB-500Kr for this target. Because the minimum altitude for this weapon is 1,000 m, we need to climb to a higher altitude before turning into the target.
17. Turning inbound to target.
18. Searching for and locking the target with the "Shkval".
19. The range scale on the HUD includes the following information:
- current range to target
- maximum firing range
- minimum firing range
For effective fire, range should be between the maximum and minimum range indications.
20. When a valid lock is achieved and a weapon has been selected, the count-down timer will be displayed on the TV monitor that indicates the weapon's remaining time-of-flight.
21. Launch Authorized! Release! ("Space bar").
22. Turning away from the target.
23. Good hit!
24. As you can see, TV-guided munitions allow you to take advantage of "fire and forget" capability and keeps some air defense systems from engaging you. In this lesson, this capability was used successfully to attack a SAM system without entering its engagement envelope.
25. To let you practice with TV-guided munitions, we will come in for a landing and re-arm.
26. Landing...
27. Coming to a full stop. Re-arming is only possible after the aircraft has come to a stop.
28. When stopped, contact the ground crew to request re-arming.
29. Take-off.

35. Suppression of Enemy Air Defense (Part 1)

1. Welcome to this Su-25T training lesson on the use of anti-radar missiles.
2. You can take control or exit the lesson at anytime by pressing the ESC key.
3. To pause the lesson, press the PAUSE key.
4. The Su-25T is armed by two types of anti-radar missiles (ARM for short):
- The Kh-58 is a heavy, long-range ARM with a range of up to 100 km when launched from high altitude. The Kh-58 is designed to engage all types of surface-to-air missile (SAM) systems. The Su-25T can be armed with up to two of these missiles.
- The Kh-25MPU is a medium-range ARM with a range of up to 40 km when launched from high altitude. The Kh-25MPU is designed to engage short and medium-range SAM systems. Up to 4 of these missiles can be loaded on the Su-25T.
5. When flying Suppression of Enemy Air Defense (SEAD) missions, the Su-25T is fitted with the L-081 Phantasmagoria targeting pod to collect radar data and provide targeting information to the anti-radar missiles. The pod provides precise threat information, including the type, range, and bearing of active radar emitter detected.
6. To begin, lets engage the Altitude Hold autopilot mode by pressing LALT + 4. This will ease our workload with a heavily loaded aircraft at high altitude.
7. Weve been locked up by a long-range SAM. Looking at the SPO-15 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) for bearing, we'll turn to face the threat.
8. Select air-to-ground mode by pressing 7.
9. Press D to select the Kh-58 as our active weapon.
10. To activate the targeting pod and collect radar data, press I. The HUD will display detected radar emitters as diamonds. If a diamond is crossed, the target is outside the bounds of the HUD. When inside the HUD limits, the threat will be identified below the diamond as follows:
P (Russian R) indicates a Patriot radar
КУБ (Russian KUB) indicates a Kub radar
ОСА (Russian OSA) indicates an Osa radar
and so on.
11. Lets turn on the Attitude Hold autopilot channel by pressing LALT + 1. This mode will hold our current pitch and roll, allowing us to focus on the engagement. This mode is also useful because it will automatically make adjustments for the asymmetric load of the aircraft when one of the heavy Kh-58 missiles comes off the rail.
12. Use the ; . , / keys to slew the HUD cursor over the desired radar emitter and press ENTER to lock it up.
13. Once locked, the target symbol changes from a diamond to a circle and a dynamic launch zone (DLZ) appears on the left side of the HUD. The DLZ indicates the maximum launch range under current conditions and our current range to the target.
14. When we are within the allowed launch range, the Launch Authorized cue will appear on the HUD.

35. Suppression of Enemy Air Defense (Part 2)

15. Weve been launched on!
Stay calm; SEAD required nerves of steel. We just need a little more time to get in range
16. Fire by pressing the SPACE bar. Fire two! By firing two missiles, we have a much better percentage chance of a kill. After a few seconds, we'll disengage the autopilot by pressing LALT + 9 to regain control of the aircraft. Now we must maneuver hard!
17. The incoming missile has run out of energy because it was fired at us at maximum range not accounting for our defensive maneuver.
18. Looking at the SPO-15 RWR again, the long-range SAM threat has disappeared, indicating that we have killed the supporting radar.
19. Our next target will be a KUB system.
20. Since we fired both Kh-58s, we are left with 4 Kh-25MPUs.
21. Press E to activate the internal jammer. It will take about 15 seconds for the jammer to warm up and begin emitting. When its ready, the green ECM lamp on the right wall panel will stop flashing.
22. Slew the target cursor over the emitter and lock it up.
23. Launch Authorized! Fire!
24. Missile inbound! Going defensive and popping chaff.
25. Weve dodged that missile.
26. Now we're searching for a new target using the SPO-15 RWR and the L-081 Phantasmagoria pod.
27. New target! Its a short-range SAM. Turning to threat bearing.
28. Slewing the target cursor over the emitter and locking it up.
29. Launch Authorized! Fire!
Missile inbound! Going defensive!
30. As you can see, the Su-25T is armed with precise and highly effective anti-radar missiles that allow it to engage all types of SAM systems.

36. The R-60M and R-73 Air-to-Air Missiles

1. Welcome to the Su-25T training lesson on the employment of the R-60M and R-73 infrared-guided air-to-air missiles. In this lesson, we'll review the use of these missiles against airborne targets in close-range air-to-air combat. You can take control or exit the mission at any time by pressing the "ESC" key.
2. The R-73 is superior to the R-60; it enjoys much greater range and maneuverability than its predecessor.
3. Let's close on the target.
4. If the target is near the sun, the missile may lose tracking and instead go for the sun.
5. Begin by entering "Fi0" combat mode by pressing "6". A targeting reticle will appear in the center of the HUD, indicating the scan cone of the seeker. The currently selected weapon type is displayed in the lower right corner of the HUD. Let's first use the R-73 to take advantage of its greater range.
6. To lock the target, maneuver the aircraft to place the target inside of the missile scan reticle. As soon as the missile seeker locks onto the target, the Launch Authorized cue will be visible along with its lock tone.
7. The target is now locked by the seeker. Once we are inside the weapon's engagement zone, we can fire the missile by pressing the "Space" bar.
8. The target's hit!
9. Let's see what happens if we fire an R-60 at a range slightly outside its engagement envelope.
10. As expected, a miss...
11. Let's now try a little closer, slightly inside the engagement envelope.
12. Nice!
13. This concludes this training lesson on use of the R-60 and the R-73 air-to-air missiles.